Languages

千岛之国

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More than 600 languages and dialects are spoken in Indonesia, but Bahasa Indonesia is the official and most widely spoken tongue. Its common use has helped unify the country since independence in 1949. Bahasa Indonesia is based on Malay, long the market language of coastal towns, and it contains elements of Chinese, Indian, Dutch, and English. Today, television programs, major newspapers, schools, and universities all use Bahasa Indonesia.

Other languages are also widely used, and many Indonesians speak two or more languages. These languages, as well as Bahasa Indonesia, belong mainly to the Malayo-Polynesian branch of the Austronesian languages family. They include Javanese, with more than 80 million speakers, and Sundanese, spoken by residents of the western end of Java. Acehnese, Batak, Minangkabau, and Malay are spread throughout Sumatra. Among the languages spoken on Sulawesi are Minahasan, dialects of Torajan, Buginese, and Makassarese. On the eastern islands, Balinese, Sasak (Lombok), and Sumbawan are spoken. The people of Kalimantan speak Malay dialects, Iban, and other dialects. Trans-New Guinea and West Papuan languages are spoken in Papua and in the northern parts of Maluku. English is in growing use as the language of business, while older people who were educated in Dutch schools before independence occasionally use Dutch.

Local Languages/Dialects of Indonesia

I.	Sumatera (18)
	Simeulese Enggano Alas Kluet Angkola Mandailing Rejang Komering	Nias Aceh Batak Karo Simalungun Sumatera Malay Lampung	Mentawai Gayo Batak Toba Minang Kabau Orang Laut Lom
II.	Jawa Dan Bali (6)
	Bahasa Jawa Jakarta Melayu	Sunda Melayu Bali Barat Daya	Madura Bali
III.	Kalimantan (114)
	Jagoi Dohoi Katingan Tunjung Bakumpai Silakau Singgie Bekati Ribun Semandang Kanowit Lahanan Lelak Tutong Punan Merap Basap Kaput Bahau Murik Kayan Aoheng Bukat Punan Nibong Papar Tidong Tutoh Kenyah Kelabit Lengilu Kolod Kalabakan Sembakung Serudung Kuijau Rungus Kimaragang Tatana Tutong Abai Sungai Lobu	Dusun deyah Siang Kahayan Ampanang Iban Lara' Biatah Benyadu Djongkang Mbaloh Tanjong Bintulu Narom Berawang Sajau Basap Rejan Kayan Segai Kayan Modang Hovongan Punan Aput Kenyah Barat Sa'ban Bakung Kenyah Wahau Kenyah Lun Daye Putoh Sumambu Tagal Keningau Murut Baukan Gana Lotud Kadazan Timur Garo Bisaya Utara Dumpas Tambanau Ida'an	Ma'anyan Kapuas / Ngaju Pantai Barat Melayu Pantai Borneo Melayu Malayic Dayak Lain Barito Timur Laut Bukar Sadong Kembayan Sanggau Melanau Kajaman Sekapan Bukitan Mendalam Kayan Punan Bah Biau Burusu Baram Kayan Busang Wahau Kayan Kayan Mahakam Kereho Uheng Punan Merah Kenyah Baram Atas Mahakam Kenyah Sebob Kenyah Punan Tubu Sungai Kayan Kenyah Selungai Murut Paluan Kelinyau Kenyah Beaufort Murut Kadazan Dusun S. Bahau Kenyah S. Kilas Kadazan Tebilung Bisaya Selatan Lingkabau Kinabatangan Atas Malagasy
IV.	Sulawesi (62)
	Talaud Ratahan Tombulu Ponosakan Kaidipang Suwawa Toli –Toli Dondo Petapa Kaili Sedoa Rampi Mori Saluan Banggai Mandar Lindu Muna Buton Kalaotoa Bajo	Sangir Tonsea Tontemboan Buol Bolango Gorontalo Tomini Dampelasa Ndau Pipikoro Napu Pamona Lalaki Andio Makassar Sa'dan Mamuju Wolio Tukang Besi Layolo Wotu	Bantik Tondano Tonsawang Bintauna Atinggola Bola'ang Mongondow Bolano Kasimbar Balaesan Pitu Ulunna Salo Bada Bungku Mekongka Balantak Bugis Massenrempulu Seko Buton Selatan Bonerate Manado Malay
V.	Maluku (67)
	Boano Larike Wakasihu Hitu Haruku Amahai Alune Atamanu Loun Manusela Masiwang Watubela Sula Makian Timur Sawai Buli Maden Laganyan Onin Moi Ternate Loloda Modole Sulawesi	Manipa Asilulu Kaibobo Saparua Paulohi Naka'ela Lisabata Noniali Saleman Kayeli Seti Teor Kur Taliabo Giman Patani Biak Palamul Kawe Melayu Makian Barat Sahu Galela Pagu	Batumerah Luhu Kamarian Nusalaut Sepa Teluti Wemale Hulung Nuaulu Bobot Geser Goram Buru Ambelau Weda Maba Maya Matbat Gebe Seget Tidore Tobaru Tobelo Bajao
VI.	Small Sunda Islands (70)
	Balinese Bima Lambaya Mamboru Ndao Ngada Sama Bajau Basa Kupang Kedang Timorese Tukudede Idate Roma Dai Damar Naueti Kairul Midiki Selwasa Maku'a Adabe Kui Kabola Blagar Lamma	Sasak Kodi Wanukaka Riung Manggarai Ende - Lio Savu Sikka Helong Tetun Mambai Lakalei Kisar Dawera Teun Waima'a Kei Fordata Selaru Fataluku Tanglapui Woisika Kelon Nedebang	Sumbawa Weyewa Anakalanga Bahasa Malayu Sumba Timur Palu'e Larantuka Lamaholot Roti Kemak Galoli Wetar Letri Lgona Selatan Masela Babar Nila Serua Habu Yamdena Oirata Bunak Makasai Abui Kafoa Tewa
VII.	Irian Jaya / Papua (230)
	Kati Selatan Iwur Ngau Wambon Aghu Kamoro Ederah Kotogut Marind Asmat Utara Iria Boazi Yagay Sentani Tamagario Nduga Lha Saberi Sasawa Moni Ekagi Yey Karas Tonda Moraori Kosarek Korapun Ketengban Arandai Kasuweri Inanwatan Konda Emumu Kilmeri Waris Sendi Uria Kwesten Wanes Foau Papasena Taori – Kei Turu Nimboran Usku Narau Kapori Ndom Moraid Kowani Karondori Hattam Meninggo Abau Wutung Yafa Nisa Warenbori Massep Bongo Ormu Waropes Yaur Nabi Ron Ansus Aibondeni Papuma Seti Maya Matbat Kaiwai Sekar Erokwanus Onin Teor – Kur Dobel Kola	Kati Utara Ninggirum Kauwoi Kaeti Isa Sawuy Kia Mombum Nafri Sempan Asienara Bian Marind Mapi Tanah Merah Kaygir Demta Wano Samarokena Aeroran Wodani Semimi Baham Mor Kanum Maklew Nipsan Goliath Sirkai Barau Puragi Durian Kere Dera Bubu Pagi Manem Taikat Mawes Itik Mander Dabra Aikwakai Taogwe Molof Morwap Tofamna Kosare Kimaghama Seget Kalabra Karon Pantai Brat Borai Mantion Sko Vanimo Tarunggare Bauzi Taurap Yuri Tarpia Kayupulau Mor Yeretuar Irahutu Meoswar Woi Marau Busami Ambai Maden Laganyan Uruangnirin Arguni Masiwang Watubela Ujir Barakai Mapia	Yonggom Mianmin Wanggom Kaeme Atas Airo Sumaghaghe Warkay Bipim Digul Atas Koneraw Citak Asmat Siagayenimu Somahai Asmat Tengah Pantai Casuarina Asmat Ngalik Selatan Kaugat Ngalik Utara Dani Barat Kwerba Uhunduni Mairasi Timur Laut Mairasi Lembah Besar Dani Dem Tanah Merah Yelmek Nalca Eipo Mek Kinome Tarof Kampong Baru Yahadian Yafi Towei Pagi Waina Awyi Manemgi Bonerif Berik Taworta Weretai Baburiwa Kemtu Mekwey - Gresi-Kwansu Kaume Sause Riantana Moi Tehit Madik Amberbaken Meax Biksi Sangke Pyu Baropasi Bapu Pauwi Sobei Yotafa Kurudu Iresin Tandia Wandamen Biak Pom Munggui Serui – Laut Wabo Palamul Kawe Geser Goram Bedoanas Wadapi - Laut Banda Kei - Fortada Wokam Tarangan